Drum 'n' bass (also referred to as jungle) evolved from the breakbeat and hardcore culture in the early '90s. Based out of the U.K., its signature style came from artists mixing sped-up hip-hop breakbeats with Jamaican dub and techno influences. Ragamuffin pioneer DJ General Levy incorporated fibrillating drum patterns and rumbling basslines with ragga vocals (at a tempo of 160-180bpm), spawning an array of subgenres such as tech-step and jump-up. Around the mid '90s, drum 'n' bass innovators Goldie, Grooverider, and 4 Hero took the then-current art of jungle and altered the basic rhythmic framework and breakbeat style that defined the sound of drum 'n' bass innovator Aphrodite, as well as the brittle, industrial programming of tech-step artist Ed Rush and Optical.
Notable Artists: Goldie, Aphrodite, 4 Hero
